Woteteza Kuphulika

Blowout Preventer (BOP), ndi chida chachitetezo chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pazida zobowolera kuti ziwongolere kupsinjika kwamutu ndikuletsa kuphulika, kuphulika, ndi zoopsa zina zomwe zingachitike pakubowola ndi kupanga mafuta ndi gasi. BOP imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi zida zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi.

Pakubowola kwamafuta ndi gasi, chotchingira chowombera chimayikidwa pamutu pabowo kuti chiwongolere kuphulika kwamafuta, gasi, ndi madzi. Pamene mphamvu ya mkati ya mafuta ndi gasi m'chitsime ikakwera kwambiri, choletsa kuphulika chikhoza kutseka chitsimecho mwamsanga kuti mafuta ndi gasi zisatuluke. Pamene matope obowola olemera aponyedwa mu chitoliro chobowola, valavu ya chipata choletsa kuphulika imakhala ndi njira yodutsa yololeza kuchotsa matope omwe ali ndi mpweya, kuwonjezera madzi ambiri m'chitsime kuti athetse kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mafuta ndi gasi.

Oletsa kuphulika ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zoletsa kuphulika kwanthawi zonse, zoletsa kuphulika kwa annular, ndi zoletsa kuphulika mozungulira. Zoletsa za annular blowout zitha kutsegulidwa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kuti azisamalira kukula kwa zida zobowola ndi zitsime zopanda kanthu. Zoletsa mozungulira kuphulitsa zimalola kubowola ndi kuwomba nthawi imodzi. Pobowola m'chitsime chakuya, zotchingira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, limodzi ndi choletsa kuphulika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso chotchinga chozungulira, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chamutu.

Cholepheretsa kuphulika kwa annular chimakhala ndi chipata chachikulu chomwe chimatha kusindikiza chitsime payokha pamene chingwe chobowola chilipo, koma chimakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ntchito ndipo sichiyenera kutsekedwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zovuta zosatsimikizika pamapangidwe, ntchito iliyonse yobowola imakhala ndi chiopsezo chophulika. Monga zida zofunika kwambiri zowongolera zitsime, zoletsa kuphulika ziyenera kuyambitsa ndi kuzimitsa mwachangu pakachitika ngozi zadzidzidzi monga kuchulukana, kukankha, ndi kuphulika. Ngati choletsa kuphulika chikalephera, chingayambitse ngozi zoopsa.

Chifukwa chake, kupanga koyenera kwa zotchingira zophulika ndikofunikira kuti ntchito yobowola ipite patsogolo komanso chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.