Kugawika ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zopangira

Forging ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zitsulo zomwe zimapanga mapindikidwe apulasitiki azitsulo zachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza, potero amapeza zomangira za mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zopangira, kutentha, ndi njira zopangira, njira zopangira zida zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito.

lKugawa kwa njira zopangira

1.Open forging yogawidwa ndi zida ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

u Open forging: Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta monga nyundo, anvils, ndi mtundu wa anvils, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mphamvu yakunja pakati pa zida zapamwamba ndi zotsika za zida zopangira kuti ziwononge billet ndikupeza zomwe mukufuna. Kupanga kwaulere kumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga makina, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe amakina ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a forgings amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi opanga. Ndizoyenera kupanga zidutswa zing'onozing'ono, timagulu tating'onoting'ono, kapena zokopa zazikulu.

u Die forging: Ikani billet mu nkhungu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni, ndipo ikani kukakamiza kudzera mu zipangizo monga nyundo zopangira, zothamanga, kapena makina osindikizira a hydraulic kuti awononge billet mu mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna mkati mwa nkhungu. Chilolezo cha forging ndi chaching'ono, kupanga bwino ndikwambiri, mawonekedwe amkati ndi ofanana, ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga magulu akulu ndi ma forging ovuta. Kupanga kungagawidwenso kukhala kufota kotseguka ndi kotseka, komanso kufota kotentha, kufota kotentha, ndi kufota kozizira.

u Special forging: kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kapena njira zapadera zopangira, monga kugubuduza mpukutu, kupiringa mphero, kupangira ma radial, kufota kwamadzi, etc. Njira zopangira izi ndizoyenera kupanga magawo ndi mawonekedwe apadera kapena zofunikira zina, zomwe zimatha kusintha kwambiri. kupanga bwino ndi kupanga khalidwe.

2. Kupanga kotentha kosankhidwa ndi kutentha:

u Hot forging: Forging ikuchitika pamwamba pa kutentha recrystallization zitsulo, kawirikawiri pa Kutentha kutentha 900 ° C kapena pamwamba, kupereka zitsulo plasticity wabwino ndi otsika mapindikidwe kukana, zosavuta kupanga, ndi microstructure wabwino ndi katundu pambuyo forging.

u Ofunda forging: Forging ikuchitika mkati kutentha osiyanasiyana pansi recrystallization kutentha koma pamwamba kutentha firiji, amene ali pakati yotentha forging ndi ozizira forging. Ili ndi zabwino zina pakuwotcha kotentha komanso kuzizira kozizira, monga pulasitiki yabwinoko komanso kutsika kwa deformation, ndikupewa zovuta za oxidation ndi decarburization panthawi yotentha.

u Cold forging: Forging imachitika kutentha kapena m'munsimu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zigawo zapamwamba kwambiri, zapamwamba zapamwamba, koma zotsutsana ndi mapindikidwe apamwamba komanso zofunikira kwambiri pazida ndi nkhungu.

lKuchuluka kwa ntchito

Njira yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana monga kupanga makina, ndege, magalimoto, zombo, zida, mafuta a petrochemicals, ndi zina zotero. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo zigawo za shaft, zigawo za ndodo, magiya, splines, kolala, sprockets, mphete. magiya, flanges, mapini olumikizira, liners, rocker arms, mitu ya foloko, machubu achitsulo a ductile, mipando ya ma valve, ma gaskets, piston pins, crank slider, etc. Magawo opangidwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu yonyamula katundu, moyo wautali wautumiki, komanso wamphamvu. kusinthika ku zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kutsogola kwa njira zatsopano, kuwonekera kwa njira zatsopano zopangira ukadaulo monga ukadaulo wopangira ukadaulo, ukadaulo wa isothermal forging, ndi ukadaulo wamadzimadzi wopangira madzi kwakulitsanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zaukadaulo ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zokopa.

Njira zopangira zida zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zopangira, kutentha, ndi njira zopangira, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, njira yoyenera yopangira iyenera kusankhidwa potengera mawonekedwe, kukula, zofunikira pakuchita, ndi gulu lopanga la magawowo.