Kufunika ndi Kugawikana kwa Mabotolo a Mafuta

Mipope yamafuta ndi mapaipi achitsulo ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira makoma a zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi, kuonetsetsa kuti chitsimecho chikhale chokhazikika pobowola komanso mukamaliza. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusunga umphumphu wa chitsime, kuteteza khoma kugwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akubowola amayenda bwino. Chiwerengero ndi zigawo za ma casings omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsime chilichonse zimasiyana malinga ndi kuya kwa kubowola komanso momwe zinthu zilili. Akaikidwa, ma casings amafunikira simenti kuti ateteze malo awo ndipo, chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, sangathe kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mipope imakhala yoposa 70% ya kuchuluka kwa mipope yachitsime.

Gulu la Casings

Kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, matumba amafuta amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

1. Conductor Pipe: Yoyikidwa pachitsime, imathandizira zida zobowola ndikuteteza ma casings otsatirawa kuchokera kumtunda.
2. Surface Casing: Kuteteza kumtunda kwa chitsime kuchokera pamwamba, kuteteza madzi apansi kapena mapangidwe ena.
3. Casing wapakatikati: Amapereka chithandizo chowonjezera ku chitsime ndikulekanitsa kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.
4. Production Casing: Amapereka chithandizo chomaliza cha chitsime ndipo amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kupanga mafuta.

Mitundu ya Mafuta a Tubing

Mapaipi enieni amafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ndikunyamula mafuta ndi gasi, kuphatikiza:

1. Production Tubing: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mafuta ndi gasi kuchokera pansi pa chitsime kupita pamwamba.
2. Casing: Imathandizira chitsime ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kubowola ndi kumaliza bwino.
3. Kubowola Chitoliro: Imalumikiza pobowola ku zida zobowola, kutumiza mphamvu yobowola.

Zofunikira ndi Miyezo ya Mafuta a Casings

Poganizira zovuta komanso kusinthasintha kwapansi panthaka, zosungiramo mafuta ziyenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• Zofunikira Zamphamvu: Casings ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti athe kupirira kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika kwa mapangidwewo. Makalasi osiyanasiyana achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, ndi zina zambiri. Makalasi osiyanasiyana ndi oyenerera kuya kosiyanasiyana ndi chilengedwe.
• Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: M'malo ochita dzimbiri, ma casings ayenera kukhala osagwirizana mokwanira ndi dzimbiri.
• Gonjetsani Kukaniza: M'malo ovuta a geological, ma casings ayenera kukhala olimba kuti asagwe kuti ateteze kulephera kwa chitsime.

Kufunika Kopanga Mafuta Pamakampani a Mafuta

Makampani amafuta amadalira kwambiri machubu amafuta, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mtengo wake komanso kuchita bwino. Kufunika kumawonekera m'mbali zingapo:

1. Kuchuluka Kwambiri ndi Mtengo Wokwera: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apachitsime ndikokwera, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola 1 mita ya kuya kumafuna pafupifupi 62 kg ya mapaipi amafuta, kuphatikiza 48 kg ya ma casings, 10 kg ya machubu opangira, 3 kg ya mapaipi obowola, ndi 0,5 kg ya mapaipi ena. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama kumapereka mwayi waukulu pazachuma.
2. Impact pa Njira Zobowola: Katundu wamakina ndi magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe cha mapaipi amafuta zimakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zapamwamba komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupanga bwino.
3. Chitetezo ndi Kudalirika: Kulephera kwa mapaipi amafuta kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwawo zikhale zofunika kwambiri pamakampani amafuta.

Mwachidule, mitsuko yamafuta imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukumba zitsime zamafuta, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi magwiridwe ake amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso phindu lachuma pakubowola konse.