Mpweya wa kaboni muzitsulo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuwotcherera kwa zinthu zopangira. Chitsulo, chophatikiza chitsulo ndi kaboni, chikhoza kukhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe ake amakina, kuphatikiza mphamvu, kuuma, ndi ductility. Kwa zopangira zowotcherera, kumvetsetsa ubale womwe uli pakati pa kaboni ndi kuwotcherera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi mtundu wa zolumikizira zowotcherera.
Zitsulo zotsika kaboni, zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepera 0.30%, ndizo zida zowotcherera kwambiri. Zitsulo izi zimawonetsa ductility zabwino komanso kusasunthika, kuzipangitsa kukhala zabwino pazowotcherera zosiyanasiyana. Mpweya wochepa wa carbon umachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kusweka kwa malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) panthawi komanso pambuyo pakuwotcherera. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutsika kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuuma pang'ono, kutanthauza kuti zinthuzo sizipanga ma brittle microstructures monga martensite, omwe amatha kukhala ovuta m'malo owotcherera. Chifukwa chake, ma forging okhala ndi mpweya wochepa amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa zokhudzana ndi kusweka kapena kupotoza panthawi yowotcherera.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mpweya wa carbon ukuwonjezeka, kutenthedwa kwachitsulo kumachepa. Zitsulo zapakati pa kaboni, zokhala ndi mpweya wapakati pa 0.30% ndi 0.60%, zimapereka mphamvu ndi kuuma kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa koma zimabwera ndi zoopsa zowonjezereka panthawi yowotcherera. Mpweya wochuluka wa carbon umayambitsa kuuma kwakukulu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopanga martensitic mu HAZ. Ma microstructures awa ndi olimba komanso osasunthika, kukweza mwayi wosweka, makamaka pansi pa kupsinjika kapena kukhudzidwa. Chisamaliro chapadera, monga kutentha kwa preheating ndi kutentha pambuyo pa weld, nthawi zambiri kumafunika pakuwotcherera zitsulo zapakatikati-mpweya wa carbon kuti mupewe izi.
Zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri, wokhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 0.60%, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakuwotcherera. Mpweya wambiri wa carbon umawonjezera kuuma kwachitsulo ndi kuphulika kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusweka panthawi yowotcherera. Nthawi zina, zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri zingafunike njira zapadera zowotcherera kapena sizingakhale zoyenera kuwotcherera popanda kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwewo. Kutenthetsa, kuwongolera kutentha kwapakati, ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwapambuyo pa weld ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kulephera kwamphamvu pazitsulo zazitsulo za carbon.
Mwachidule, zomwe zili mu kaboni muzitsulo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwotcherera m'zigawo zopanga. Zitsulo za carbon low ndi zomwe zimawotcherera kwambiri, pamene zitsulo zapakati ndi zapamwamba za carbon zimafuna kuwongolera mosamala kwambiri zowotcherera kuti ziteteze zolakwika monga kusweka. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mu kaboni ndikusankha njira zoyenera zowotcherera ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kulimba komanso magwiridwe antchito a ma welded forgings pamafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-16-2024
