Kuti apereke zitsulo zogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina, thupi, ndi mankhwala, kuwonjezera pa kusankha koyenera kwa zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, njira zothandizira kutentha nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira. Chitsulo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga makina, okhala ndi microstructure yovuta yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa kudzera mu chithandizo cha kutentha. Choncho, chithandizo cha kutentha kwazitsulo ndizofunika kwambiri pazitsulo zotentha zachitsulo.
Kuphatikiza apo, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, magnesium, titaniyamu ndi ma alloys awo amathanso kusintha mawotchi, thupi ndi mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha kutentha kuti apeze mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kuchiza kutentha nthawi zambiri sikumasintha mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake kachakudya, koma kumapereka kapena kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ake posintha mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa chogwiriracho kapena kusintha kapangidwe kake pamakina ogwirira ntchito. Maonekedwe ake ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe amkati a workpiece, omwe nthawi zambiri samawoneka ndi maso.
Ntchito yochizira kutentha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azinthu, kuthetsa kupsinjika kotsalira, komanso kukulitsa luso lazitsulo. Malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana za chithandizo cha kutentha, njira zochizira kutentha zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha ndi kutentha komaliza.
1.Cholinga cha chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kuthetsa kupsinjika kwamkati, ndikukonzekera dongosolo labwino la metallographic kuti lizitha kutentha komaliza. The kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko annealing, normalizing, ukalamba, quenching ndi tempering, etc.
l Annealing ndi normalizing amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosowa zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito potentha. Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi aloyi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya woposa 0.5% nthawi zambiri zimatsekeredwa kuti zichepetse kuuma kwawo ndikuwongolera kudula; Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi aloyi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wochepera 0.5% amathandizidwa ndi normalizing kuti apewe kumamatira kwa zida panthawi yodula chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kochepa. Annealing ndi normalizing akhoza kuyenga kukula kwa tirigu ndi kukwaniritsa yunifolomu microstructure, kukonzekera kutentha kutentha mtsogolo. Annealing ndi normalizing nthawi zambiri anakonza pambuyo Machining movutikira ndi pamaso Machining movutikira.
l Chithandizo cha nthawi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti athetse kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika mukupanga zopanda kanthu komanso kukonza makina. Pofuna kupewa kuchulukitsitsa kwa mayendedwe, pazigawo zolondola kwambiri, chithandizo chanthawi chitha kukonzedwa musanapange makina olondola. Komabe, magawo omwe ali ndi zofunikira zolondola kwambiri (monga kusungitsa makina otopetsa), njira ziwiri kapena zingapo zochiritsira zokalamba ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ziwalo zosavuta nthawi zambiri sizifuna chithandizo cha ukalamba. Kuphatikiza pa ma castings, pazigawo zina zolongosoka zosakhazikika bwino (monga zomangira zolondola), machiritso okalamba angapo nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa pakati pa makina olimba ndi makina osavuta kuti athetse kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika pokonza ndikukhazikitsa kulondola kwa magawowo. Ziwalo zina za shaft zimafunikira chithandizo chanthawi pambuyo pakuwongola.
l Kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kumatanthawuza chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba pambuyo pozimitsa, chomwe chingathe kupeza mawonekedwe a yunifolomu ndi abwino kwambiri a martensite, kukonzekera kuchepetsa kusinthika panthawi ya kuzimitsa pamwamba ndi mankhwala a nitriding m'tsogolomu. Choncho, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati kukonzekera kutentha. Chifukwa chazinthu zabwino zamakina zamakina azimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima, mbali zina zokhala ndi zofunikira zochepa za kuuma komanso kukana kuvala zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yomaliza yochizira kutentha.
2.Cholinga cha chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha ndikuwongolera zida zamakina monga kuuma, kukana kuvala, ndi mphamvu.
l Kuzimitsa kumaphatikizapo kuzimitsa pamwamba ndi kuzimitsa zambiri. Kuzimitsa pamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthika kwake pang'ono, oxidation, ndi decarburization, ndipo ilinso ndi zabwino zamphamvu zakunja zakunja ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala, ndikusunga kulimba kwabwino komanso kukana mwamphamvu mkati. Kuwongolera mawotchi amtundu wozimitsidwa pamwamba, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo cha kutentha monga kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kapena kukhazikika ngati chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha. Njira yanthawi zonse ndi: kudula - kufota - kukhazikika (kuwotcha) - kukonza movutikira - kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa - kukonza pang'onopang'ono - kuzimitsa pamwamba - kukonza mwatsatanetsatane.
l Carburizing quenching ndi yoyenera chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy. Choyamba, mpweya wa kaboni pamwamba pa gawolo umawonjezeka, ndipo pambuyo pa kuzimitsa, pamwamba pake amapeza kuuma kwakukulu, pamene pachimake chimakhalabe ndi mphamvu zina, kulimba kwambiri, ndi pulasitiki. Mpweya wa carbon ukhoza kugawidwa mu carburizing wamba ndi carburizing wamba. Mukayika pang'onopang'ono, njira zotsutsana ndi masamba (zophimba zamkuwa kapena zotchingira zotsutsana ndi masamba) ziyenera kutengedwa pazinthu zomwe sizimabisa. Chifukwa cha kupindika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kubisa ndi kuzimitsa, komanso kuya kwa carburizing nthawi zambiri kuyambira 0.5 mpaka 2mm, njira yopangira carburizing nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa pakati pa makina olondola kwambiri ndi makina olondola. Njira yanthawi zonse ndi: kudula kupangira makina osavuta komanso olondola pang'ono, kuzimitsa makina olondola. Pamene sanali carburized mbali m'dera carburized utenga ndondomeko ndondomeko kuwonjezera malipiro ndi kudula owonjezera carburized wosanjikiza, ndondomeko kudula owonjezera carburized wosanjikiza ayenera anakonza pambuyo carburization ndi pamaso quenching.
l Chithandizo cha nitriding ndi njira yochizira yomwe imalola maatomu a nayitrogeni kulowa pamwamba pazitsulo kuti apeze wosanjikiza wa mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Nitriding wosanjikiza imatha kusintha kuuma, kukana kuvala, mphamvu ya kutopa, komanso kukana dzimbiri pamwamba pazigawo. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mankhwala otsika a nitriding, mapindikidwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi wosanjikiza wochepa kwambiri wa nitriding (nthawi zambiri osapitirira 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), ndondomeko ya nitriding iyenera kukonzedwa mochedwa kwambiri. Kuti muchepetse kupunduka panthawi ya nitriding, kutentha kwambiri kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kumafunika mukatha kudula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-24-2024
